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Transplantology and Corneal Surgery Department
Pathologic states of the cornea take 25% in the structure of the visual organ diseases and
they are the cause of blindness in 7-25%. Operations for various corneal pathologies are developed and successfully introduced into clinical practice during more than 30 years at the Svyatoslav Fyodorov SI IRTC “Eye Microsurgery” at the Transplantology and Corneal Surgery Department, headed by Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Z.I.Moroz.
Over 700 operations are annually performed at the Department – penetrating and lamellar corneal transplantations. These operations are mostly needed for the patients with keratoconus, corneal dystrophies, consequences of keratitis, corneal opacities after surgical interventions, injuries, etc.
Z.I.Moroz is the leading specialist of our country on keratoplasty and keratoproshtetics. As a result of fundamental investigations by doctor Z.I.Moroz and her disciples pathogenesis of many corneal diseases was studied, novel highly efficient operations for various corneal pathology were developed, new models of corneal prostheses were created providing rehabilitation of the patients with corneal leukomas of various etiology.
Z.I.Moroz is the author of 410 scientific works; 2 monographs on keratoproshtetics (one of them published in English), 58 patents, which are the fundamental investigations in this area.
The Eye Bank of SI IRTC “Eye Microsurgery” was created under supervision of Z.I.Moroz. A principally new medico-technological system of the Eye Bank was created, which includes several trends: selection of the viable donor material taking into account energetic potential of the endothelial cells of the cornea by non-invasive pharmacological test; prognostics of healing and pharmacological protection of the corneal graft; preparation of recipient to the corneal transplantation, particularly in the risk group.
The Eye Bank of IRTC “Eye Microsurgery” is the largest and oldest eye bank in Russia included into the European Eye Bank Association. It possesses a reserve of viable donor corneas that can be used for transplantation during 7 days after the donor’s death. As against the analogues existing in the world medico-technological system of the Eye Bank was initially based on the system of pharmacological protection of the corneal graft for penetrating keratoplasty practically on all the stages from the selection and conservation of the donor material to the metabolite correction of the recipient in the post-op period.
The staff of the Department and the Eye Bank developed a novel operation: transplantation of the corneal prosthetic complex, which principally differs from all existing operations. Transplantation of the corneal prosthetic complex allows shortening for several months the rehabilitation terms for the patients with corneal leukomas.
The highest level of ophthalmic surgeons of the Department, their vast experience in combination with the quality donor material, modern trepans and expandable materials allowed abrupt decreasing of the complications rate (transplant’s disease) after the performed keratoplasty from 36 to 17% and significant increasing of the rehabilitation effect of various keratoplasty types.
In case of massive corneal leukoma, when corneal transplantation is of no perspective, keratoproshtetics is performed (i.e. implantation of artificial cornea). Ophthalmic surgeons of the Department annually perform over 100 operations for keratoprosthetics.
Severe corneal lesions as a rule are combined with the damage of the surrounding tissues. Due to this fact complicated cataract, secondary glaucoma, symblepharon, inflammatory processes are the most frequent accompanying diseases. Doctors of the Department possess all the range of surgical interventions on the eyes with the similar pathology and plastic operations for the restoration of the conjunctival cavity of the eye. High qualification of the surgeons and use of up-to-date technologies allow gaining brilliant results in complicated optico-reconstructive operations.
Transplantology and Corneal Surgery Department has wide international relations. The IRTC surgeons at the clinics of Italy and UAE performed hundreds of corneal transpantations.
Over 1000 corneal transplantations and 35 operations for corneal prosthetics were successfully performed in foreign patients from different countries of the world at the Transplantology and Corneal Surgery Department together with the Foreign Patients Treatment Center during last 10 years.
As a rule, selection of the donor cornea and the operation are performed within 1-2 weeks after the examination of the patient.
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